There are many rhythmic gymnastics clubs in Russia and the most famous one is the Gazprom School which Irina Viner teaches rhythmic gymnasts in Novogorsk, Moscow, where the Russian National team is also based. [citation needed], In the 18th century, during the era of Russian Enlightenment, the development of Russian literature was boosted by the works of Mikhail Lomonosov and Denis Fonvizin. After the reforms of Peter the Great the change of architectural styles in Russia generally followed that in the Western Europe. Find the trains of Russian railway easy and fast through the search form of Russian train tickets reservation. 18 – 46)", "Конституция Республики Алтай (Основной Закон) (принята 7 июня 1997 г.) ", "Vladimir Putin says liberalism has 'become obsolete, "Transcript: 'All this fuss about spies ... it is not worth serious interstate relations, "Treaty Between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Crimea on Ascension to the Russian Federation of the Republic of Crimea and on Establishment of New Subjects Within the Russian Federation", Federal Law of 28 December 2010 No. [63][64][65] The Soviet government targeted religions based on state interests, and while most organised religions were never outlawed, religious property was confiscated, believers were harassed, and religion was ridiculed while atheism was propagated in schools. … Lasers and masers were co-invented by Nikolai Basov and Alexander Prokhorov, while the idea of tokamak for controlled nuclear fusion was introduced by Igor Tamm, Andrei Sakharov and Lev Artsimovich, leading eventually the modern international ITER project, where Russia is a party. Soviet art produced works that were furiously patriotic and anti-fascist during and after the Great Patriotic War. [319] 35 languages are officially recognised in Russia in various regions by local governments. Leon Trotsky, the main proponent of world revolution, was exiled from the Soviet Union in 1929, and Stalin's idea of Socialism in One Country became the primary line. The most powerful state to eventually arise after the destruction of Kievan Rus' was the Grand Duchy of Moscow ("Muscovy" in the Western chronicles), initially a part of Vladimir-Suzdal. 1975-2002 habe ich in 2. [400], The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) was founded in 2008. The Soviet rear was also badly damaged by the German invasion. Yenisey is the current (2015) champion of the domestic league. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, a member of the SCO, the G20, the Council of Europe, the APEC, the OSCE, the IIB and the WTO, as well as being the leading member of the CIS, the CSTO and a member of the EAEU. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2011. By 1964 over 10 thousand churches out of 20 thousand were shut down (mostly in rural areas) and many were demolished. Hobby - Wargames Bingo - Another square - The only up-side to me painting the Rebel Speeder when I did is that I get to check off another box in the Hobby Bingo. [148] As of 2020[update], Russia's military budget is higher than any other European nation. [267][268] In February 2019, it was announced that Russia is intending to conduct its first crewed mission to land on the Moon in 2031. Videos for related products. In the European part of the country the network of channels connects the basins of major rivers. Recently Grigori Perelman was offered the first ever Clay Millennium Prize Problems Award for his final proof of the Poincaré conjecture in 2002.[261]. About 40% of basic medical facilities have fewer staff than they are supposed to have, with others being closed down. 1 – 13)", "Конституция Чувашской Республики (принята Государственным Советом Чувашской Республики 30 ноября 2000 г.) Основы конституционного строя Республики Мордовия (п.п. [289] Subsequently, the country has one of the oldest population in the world, with an average age of 40.3 years.[288]. Alternatively, you can purchase an Additional Wood Pack, … Lada subsequently withdrew from the championship, but they returned in 2012, entering a Lada Granta WTCC driven by Thompson at a couple of race meetings. Figure skating is another popular sport; in the 1960s the Soviet Union rose to become a dominant power in figure skating, especially in pairs skating and ice dancing. [133][134] The NATO-Russia Council was established in 2002 to allow the United States, Russia and the 27 allies in NATO to work together as equal partners to pursue opportunities for joint collaboration. [2] Other popular sports include bandy, biathlon, figure skating, weightlifting, gymnastics, wrestling, martial arts, rugby union, and skiing.[3]. Alexander I headed Russia's delegation at the Congress of Vienna that defined the map of post-Napoleonic Europe. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian SFSR became the largest and leading constituent of the Soviet Union, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. Russian teams have won every KHL championship. As of 16 October 2009, two Russian women were ranked in the WTA tour's top 10; with an additional two in the Top 20. Before the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, Soviet gymnasts dominated both men's and women's gymnastics commencing with the introduction of the full women's program into the Olympics and the overall increased standardization of the Olympic Gymnastics competition format which happened in 1952. [149][150] Freedom House, an international organisation funded by the United States, ranks Russia as "not free", citing "carefully engineered elections" and "absence" of debate. Deaths mostly occur from preventable causes, including alcohol poisoning, smoking, traffic accidents and violent crime. Smetana (a heavy sour cream) is often added to soups and salads. Moscow International House of Music 4 Manuals, 106 Ranks, 81 Registers (+ 1 Ext. This was the team's debut in the tournament, where they faced Australia, Ireland, Italy and the United States in Group C of the tournament. Buddhism is traditional in three republics of Russia: Buryatia, Tuva, and Kalmykia, the latter being the only region in Europe where Buddhism is the most practiced religion. [407] This was the first football World Cup ever held in Eastern Europe, and the first held in Europe since 2006. г. [68], The Appeasement policy of Great Britain and France towards Adolf Hitler's annexation of Austria and Czechoslovakia did not stem an increase in the power of Nazi Germany. The Diomede Islands (one controlled by Russia, the other by the United States) are just 3 km (1.9 mi) apart, and Kunashir Island is about 20 km (12.4 mi) from Hokkaido, Japan. [136][137] India is the largest customer of Russian military equipment and the two countries share extensive defence and strategic relations. In June 1991, Boris Yeltsin became the first directly elected president in Russian history when he was elected President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, which became the independent Russian Federation in December of that year. [32] The invading Mongol elite, together with their conquered Turkic subjects (Cumans, Kipchaks, Bulgars), became known as Tatars, forming the state of the Golden Horde, which pillaged the Russian principalities; the Mongols ruled the Cuman-Kipchak confederation and Volga Bulgaria (modern-day southern and central expanses of Russia) for over two centuries. [387][page needed] It continued with the poetry of Mikhail Lermontov and Nikolay Nekrasov, dramas of Alexander Ostrovsky and Anton Chekhov, and the prose of Nikolai Gogol and Ivan Turgenev. [60] The transitional disorganisation of the country's agriculture, combined with the harsh state policies and a drought, led to the Soviet famine of 1932–1933,[61] which killed between 2 and 3 million people in the Russian SFSR. ), 5.582 Pipes [citation needed], According to a UNWTO report, Russia is the sixteenth-most visited country in the world, and the tenth-most visited country in Europe, as of 2018, with 24.6 million visits. After Stalin's death and a short period of collective rule, the new leader Nikita Khrushchev denounced the cult of personality of Stalin and launched the policy of de-Stalinization. Open now till dark and closed Easter Sunday! [395][needs update] In 2002 the Russian Ark became the first feature film ever to be shot in a single take. [241] Both exports and imports of fish and sea products grew significantly in recent years, reaching $2,415 and $2,036 million, respectively, in 2008. Bolshevist Russia lost its Ukrainian, Polish, Baltic, and Finnish territories by signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk that concluded hostilities with the Central Powers of World War I. Currently many new pipeline projects are being realised, including Nord Stream and South Stream natural gas pipelines to Europe, and the Eastern Siberia – Pacific Ocean oil pipeline (ESPO) to the Russian Far East and China. In the 2014 WCS, the first gold medal came. An alternative socialist establishment co-existed, the Petrograd Soviet, wielding power through the democratically elected councils of workers and peasants, called Soviets. Transformers Studio Series 06 … The East Slavs emerged as a recognisable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. As in the rest of Europe, plague was a frequent occurrence between 1350 and 1490. Education in state-owned secondary schools is free. Ruling from 1682 to 1725, Peter defeated Sweden in the Great Northern War, forcing it to cede West Karelia and Ingria (two regions lost by Russia in the Time of Troubles),[48] as well as Estland and Livland, securing Russia's access to the sea and sea trade. In December 2011, Russia was approved as a member of the World Trade Organisation, allowing it a greater access to overseas markets. The term covers many separate, but inextricably related art movements that occurred at the time, namely neo-primitivism, suprematism, constructivism, rayonism, and Russian Futurism. Eldar Ryazanov's and Leonid Gaidai's comedies of that time were immensely popular, with many of the catch phrases still in use today. Russia is the largest country in the world, the ninth-most populous country, as well as the most populous country in Europe. The game is played on a rectangle of ice, the same size as a football field. Hobbies & General Interest Lifestyle Motoring Military Vehicles. Overstrike! While still under the domain of the Mongol-Tatars and with their connivance, Moscow began to assert its influence in the Central Rus' in the early 14th century, gradually becoming the leading force in the process of the Rus' lands' reunification and expansion of Russia. Rest of the World. It has the 11th largest economy in the world by nominal GDP and the 6th largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). The national team for women took the silver medal in the six first World Championships. Russia qualified and competed in the 2011 Rugby World Cup in New Zealand as Europe 2 after finishing second in the 2008–10 ENC. Kiev's dominance waned, to the benefit of Vladimir-Suzdal in the north-east, Novgorod Republic in the north-west and Galicia-Volhynia in the south-west. [55] On 6 January (19), 1918, the Russian Constituent Assembly declared Russia a democratic federal republic (thus ratifying the Provisional Government's decision). [citation needed] However, unofficial estimates put the budget significantly higher, for example the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) 2013 Military Expenditure Database estimated Russia's military expenditure in 2012 at US$90.749 billion. With the exception of 2010 and 2018 a Soviet or Russian pair has won gold at every Winter Olympics since 1964. The full demographic loss to the Soviet peoples was even greater. [190][191] Oil export earnings allowed Russia to increase its foreign reserves from $12 billion in 1999 to $597.3 billion on 1 August 2008. In August 2012, Russian: Постановление ЦК КПСС и СМ СССР "Об устранении излишеств в проектировании и строительстве", 4 November 1955 (Khrushchev's decree, Государственный гимн Российской Федерации, most significant technological achievements, eleventh-largest in the world by nominal GDP, unstable and focused predominantly on domestic issues, 1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, 1924–1936 intra-Soviet territorial changes, Transcaucasian Soviet Socialist Republics, industrialization of the largely rural country, Soviet civilian and military death were about 27 million, Treaty on Accession of the Republic of Crimea to Russia, extensive defence and strategic relations, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Political status of Crimea and Sevastopol, Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, Economic history of the Russian Federation, one of the lowest foreign debts among major economies, List of the largest trading partners of Russia, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Eastern Siberia – Pacific Ocean oil pipeline, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Timeline of Russian inventions and technology records, With the change in values imposed by communist ideology, In 1959 Nikita Khrushchev launched his anti-religious campaign, "Crimea has joined the ranks of the world's 'gray areas.' Following the Russian Revolution of 1917 many prominent writers and philosophers left the country, including Bunin, Vladimir Nabokov and Nikolay Berdyayev, while a new generation of talented authors joined together in an effort to create a distinctive working-class culture appropriate for the new Soviet state. [228] Russia is the 39th in the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019. Science and technology in Russia blossomed since the Age of Enlightenment, when Peter the Great founded the Russian Academy of Sciences and Saint Petersburg State University, and polymath Mikhail Lomonosov established the Moscow State University, paving the way for a strong native tradition in learning and innovation. By 1991, economic and political turmoil began to boil over, as the Baltic states chose to secede from the Soviet Union. [17], The standard way to refer to citizens of Russia is "Russians" in English[18] and rossiyane (Russian: россияне) in Russian. 1. [10][11][12], Russia was awarded the 2018 FIFA World Cup on the 2nd of December 2018, hosting the tournament for the first time. Another is "россияне" (rossiyane), which means "citizens of Russia, regardless of ethnicity". [96] Putin went on to win a second presidential term in 2004. Others include: pharmaceuticals, textile and footwear, plastics and optical instruments. State and Society on the Black Sea Steppe, 1500–1700. The Soviet national team won all the Bandy World Championships from the start 1957 until 1979. liz west/Wikimedia commons. [38] After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Moscow claimed succession to the legacy of the Eastern Roman Empire. Others include: agricultural raw materials (2.2%) and textiles (0.2%).[225]. 67–77)", "Степное Уложение (Конституция) Республики Калмыкия от 5 апреля 1994 г. With a large land area the road density is the lowest of all the G8 and BRIC countries.[251]. [166] Baikal alone contains over one-fifth of the world's fresh surface water. Censorship and Media freedom in Russia has always been a main theme of Russian media. The turn of the 20th century saw the rise of symbolist painting, represented by Mikhail Vrubel, Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin, and Nicholas Roerich. Appearing in four FIFA World Cups from 1958 to 1970, Lev Yashin is regarded as one of the greatest goalkeepers in the history of football, and was chosen on the FIFA World Cup Dream Team. 67 – 88)", "Конституция Республики Тыва (принята Референдумом Республики Тыва 6 мая 2001 г.) Please update this section to reflect recent events or newly available information. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east, and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea in the south. [214] Fossil fuels cause most of the greenhouse gas emissions by Russia. Very nice! [172] There are 28 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Russia,[173] 40 UNESCO biosphere reserves,[174] 41 national parks and 101 nature reserves. Mountains in the south obstruct the flow of warm air masses from the Indian Ocean, while the plain of the west and north makes the country open to Arctic and Atlantic influences.[168]. A standard bandy match consists of two halves of 45 minutes each. Russia,[c] or the Russian Federation,[d][14] is a transcontinental country located in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. Within services the most important segments are: wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal and household goods (17% of total GDP); public administration, health and education (12%); real estate (9%) and transport storage and communications (7%). 5 in the world (since March 16, 2020). Russians have many traditions, including the washing in banya, a hot steam bath somewhat similar to sauna. [292][290] In 2012, the trend continued, with 1,896,263 births, the highest since 1990, and even exceeding annual births during the period 1967–1969. In the south, after successful Russo-Turkish Wars against Ottoman Turkey, Catherine advanced Russia's boundary to the Black Sea, defeating the Crimean Khanate. [dubious – discuss][20] In the 3rd to 4th centuries AD a semi-legendary Gothic kingdom of Oium existed in Southern Russia until it was overrun by Huns. Russian grandmasters have held the world chess championship almost continuously. Retourneer uw aankoop binnen 14 dagen. [280] The phenomenon of corruption is strongly established in the historical model of public governance in Russia and attributed to general weakness of rule of law in Russia. [296] In 2016, 196,000 migrants arrived, mostly from the ex-Soviet states.[297]. Manufacturer Video. The 1990s were plagued by armed conflicts in the North Caucasus, both local ethnic skirmishes and separatist Islamist insurrections. Krasnoyarsk, a large Siberian city, has traditionally been the stronghold of Russian rugby union. The medieval state of Rus' arose in the 9th century. 2 kopecks 1763 MM. This page includes a chart with historical data for Russia Exports. / Глава 1. For other uses, see, Country in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, The Russian SFSR as a part of the USSR in 1940, after, The RSFSR in 1956–1991, after WWII territorial acquisitions, the accession of, Physical map of Russia with locations of major cities. We are still living in Putin's Russia. The winner of the 1948 World Chess Championship, Russian Mikhail Botvinnik, started an era of Soviet dominance in the chess world. FAO Forestry Working Paper 163, Rome, Italy", "It's Europe's lungs and home to many rare species. True NOS Spitze Datum Passendes Paar Reflector Russland 6N30P-DR/6H30P-DR 3 X. Das Datenblatt dieses Produkts wurde ursprünglich auf Englisch verfasst. Russia has the most medals stripped for doping violations (51), the most of any country, four times the number of the runner-up, and nearly a third of the global total. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Nicholas's successor Alexander II (1855–81) enacted significant changes in the country, including the emancipation reform of 1861. Prevalent styles of the 20th century were the Art Nouveau, Constructivism, and the Stalin Empire style. The late 19th century saw the rise of various socialist movements in Russia. [85][86] During and after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, wide-ranging reforms including privatization and market and trade liberalization were undertaken,[85] including radical changes along the lines of "shock therapy" as recommended by the United States and the International Monetary Fund. Islam is the second-largest religion in Russia. The matches were held from 14 June to 15 July 2018 in the stadiums of 11 host cities. In martial arts, Russia produced the sport Sambo and renowned fighters, like Fedor Emelianenko. [179] Unemployment in Russia was 4.5% in 2019. The slave raids of Crimeans, however, did not cease until the late 17th century though the construction of new fortification lines across Southern Russia, such as the Great Abatis Line, constantly narrowed the area accessible to incursions.[45]. The Nazi Hunger Plan foresaw the "extinction of industry as well as a great part of the population". [citation needed]. In recent years, the amount of top Russian women players has been considerable, with both Maria Sharapova and Dinara Safina reaching number one in the WTA rankings. 2:07 . 5 Rubel 1898 GOLD. Russia hosts the world's ninth-greatest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, and is simultaneously ranked very high in the Human Development Index, has a universal healthcare system and a free university education. Russia is a multinational state, with more than 193 ethnic groups within its borders. [169] The continental interiors are the driest areas. In winter, temperatures get colder both from south to north and from west to east. Notable biathletes include Vladimir Melanin, Nikolay Kruglov, Alexander Tikhonov, Valeriy Medvedtsev, Venera Chernyshova, Elena Golovina and Svetlana Petcherskaia during the Soviet era and Vladimir Drachev, Pavel Rostovtsev, Maxim Tchoudov, Viktor Maigourov, Olga Zaitseva and Anton Shipulin in the post-communist era. In 2015, Russia main exports are oil and natural gas (62.8% of total exports), ores and metals (5.9%), chemical products (5.8%), machinery and transport equipment (5.4%) and food (4.7%). Sprukits Halo Master Chief Model Kit . [315] It belongs to the Indo-European language family and is one of the living members of the East Slavic languages, the others being Belarusian and Ukrainian (and possibly Rusyn). Over time Russia has been having improvement and application of environmental legislation, development and implementation of various federal and regional strategies and programmes, and study, inventory and protection of rare and endangered plants, animals, and other organisms, and including them in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation. / Глава I. Основы конституционного строя (ст.ст.1–17)", "Конституция Удмуртской Республики от 7 декабря 1994 г. Chiodo, Abbigail J., and Michael T. Owyang. 20% off storewide. About 26,000 watched the opening game against Dynamo Moscow. From 2011 to 2015, more than a thousand Russian competitors in various sports, including summer, winter, and Paralympic sports, benefited from a state-sponsored cover-up,[413][414][415][416][417] with no indication that the program has ceased since then. As a major force in the RC industry, HoBao has built upon these principles, producing models and accessories that deliver strength, reliability and performance for over 20 years. Relations at Worst Level in History", "Russia in milestone oil pipeline supply to China", "Indian navy gets Russian carrier as it seeks to bolster military", "Status of Nuclear Powers and Their Nuclear Capabilities", Russia pilots proud of flights to foreign shores, "Here's how many nuclear warheads exist, and which countries own them", "US drives world military spending to record high", "China passes Russia as No. 2010. [180] Officially, more than 70% of the Russian population is categorised as middle class;[181] however some experts disagree with that. In 2007, the Russian national basketball team won the European Basketball Championship. Within the context of the ongoing Russia–Ukraine gas dispute in early January 2009, Nikolai Petrov, an analyst with the Carnegie Moscow Center said: "What we see right now is the dominant role of Putin. Out of the 15 republics that would make up the USSR, the largest in size and over half of the total USSR population was the Russian SFSR, which came to dominate the union for its entire 69-year history. ", "Конституция Республики Хакасия (принята на XVII сессии Верховного Совета Республики Хакасия (первого созыва) 25 мая 1995 года) / Глава III. [369] Russia has a free education system, which is guaranteed for all citizens by the Constitution,[370] however entry to subsidised higher education is highly competitive. The overall life expectancy in Russia at birth is 72.4 years (66.9 years for males and 77.6 years for females). During his long reign, Ivan the Terrible nearly doubled the already large Russian territory by annexing the three Tatar khanates (parts of the disintegrated Golden Horde): Kazan and Astrakhan along the Volga River, and the Siberian Khanate in southwestern Siberia. The Federal Structure, Article 68", "Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe", "World Statistics Pocketbook 2016 edition", "Information about availability and distribution of land in the Russian Federation as of 1 January 2017 (by federal subjects of Russia)", "The Russian federation: general characteristics", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019", "GINI index (World Bank estimate) – Russian Federation", "The Constitution of the Russian Federation", "Rus – definition of Rus by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia", "History of Russia from Early Slavs history and Kievan Rus to Romanovs dynasty", "Russia: A Country Study: Kievan Rus' and Mongol Periods".