[315], The majority of media in the European Union are national-oriented, although some EU-wide media focusing on European affairs have emerged since the early 1990s, such as Euronews, Eurosport, EUobserver, EURACTIV or Politico Europe. Countries accede to the union by becoming party to the founding treaties, thereby subjecting themselves to the privileges and obligations of EU membership. Create your lesson! The free movement of persons means that EU citizens can move freely between member states to live, work, study or retire in another country. In 2012, its budget amounted to €874 million, 51% of the budget went to Africa and 20% to Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean and Pacific, and 20% to the Middle East and Mediterranean. [64], In 1973, the Communities were enlarged to include Denmark (including Greenland, which later left the Communities in 1985, following a dispute over fishing rights), Ireland, and the United Kingdom. The expansion of the EU introduced a new level of complexity and discord. [284], The EU has no major competences in the field of health care and Article 35 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union affirms that "A high level of human health protection shall be ensured in the definition and implementation of all Union policies and activities". [173] Because of the doctrines of direct effect and supremacy, many judgments of the Court of Justice are automatically applicable within the internal legal orders of the member states. Der Präsident der New York Fed hat ein dauerhaftes Stimmrecht, die Präsidenten der Federal-Reserve-Banken von Chicago und Cleveland sind jedes … [h][103] English is the most widely spoken language in the EU, being understood by 51% of the EU population when counting both native and non-native speakers. [105], A total of twenty official languages of the EU belong to the Indo-European language family, represented by the Balto-Slavic,[i] the Italic,[j] the Germanic,[k] the Hellenic,[l] and the Celtic[m] branches. The population of the UK is roughly 0.9% of the world's population. [195] The CFSP requires unanimity among the member states on the appropriate policy to follow on any particular issue. [216] The EU's external action financing is divided into 'geographic' instruments and 'thematic' instruments. [271] [299], Sport is mainly the responsibility of the member states or other international organisations, rather than of the EU. The EU opposes the death penalty and has proposed its worldwide abolition. : +32 (2) 299 8393 fax: +32 (2) 299 6457 e-mail: andreas.stein@ec.europa.eu The European Union refers to those same European values as a key element of its deeper political and economic integration processes. [169] These are power-giving treaties which set broad policy goals and establish institutions with the necessary legal powers to implement those goals. [263] Supporters of CAP argue that the economic support which it gives to farmers provides them with a reasonable standard of living. Only four languages, namely Hungarian, Finnish, Estonian (all three Uralic), and Maltese (Semitic), are not Indo-European languages. Time Requirements: 1 ... Martina: Ja, aber es waren nicht immer so viele! [211], EU forces have been deployed on peacekeeping missions from middle and northern Africa to the western Balkans and western Asia. This lacuna has been addressed by the recently passed Directive on services in the internal market which aims to liberalise the cross border provision of services. EPC was renamed as the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) by the Maastricht Treaty. Besides naming the continent, the Greek mythological figure of Europa has frequently been employed as a personification of Europe. The SDGs recognize that all countries must stimulate action in the following key areas - people, planet, prosperity, peace and partnership - in order to tackle the global challenges that are crucial for the survival of humanity. Zuletzt aktualisiert. Trade policy role in advancing the Green Deal objectives: hearing . [170], Under the principle of supremacy, national courts are required to enforce the treaties that their member states have ratified, and thus the laws enacted under them, even if doing so requires them to ignore conflicting national law, and (within limits) even constitutional provisions. and is effectively treated as one of the Copenhagen criteria. English: Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (EMU 2009) Members of the Eurozone WKM-II-member (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) WKM-II-member with opt-out (Denmark) EU-member with opt-out (United Kingdom) The rest of the EU-members. [272], European policy-makers originally increased the EU's capacity to act on environmental issues by defining it as a trade problem. [206] The Western European Union, a military alliance with a mutual defence clause, was disbanded in 2010 as its role had been transferred to the EU. The aims of EU policy in this area are to co-ordinate and stimulate research. [325], Economic and political union of European states, International organisations in which the union has membership. Case 11/70, Internationale Handelsgesellschaft v. Einfuhr und Vorratstelle für Getreide und Futtermittel; Article 6(2) of the Maastricht Treaty (as amended). [82][83] In 2015, 5.1 million children were born in the EU-28 corresponding to a birth rate of 10 per 1,000, which is 8 births below the world average. Signing the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) is a condition for EU membership. The euro currency became the second largest reserve currency in the world. There are also a number of ancillary bodies which advise the EU or operate in a specific area. The … Almost all uranium is imported and nuclear power is considered primary energy produced in the EU. Each country has a set number of seats and is divided into sub-national constituencies where this does not affect the proportional nature of the voting system. .eu is representative of the whole of the EU; member states also have their own TLDs. In 1979, the first direct elections to the European Parliament were held.[66]. [89][90], The EU contains about 40 urban areas with populations of over one million. [246][aa], The euro, and the monetary policies of those who have adopted it in agreement with the EU, are under the control of the European Central Bank (ECB). In 1987 the European Political Cooperation was introduced on a formal basis by the Single European Act. The Parliament is the final body to approve or reject the proposed membership of the commission, and can attempt motions of censure on the commission by appeal to the Court of Justice. The report on monitoring the application of European Union law for 2017, 2018 and 2019 will also be voted. [255], The EU is working to improve cross-border infrastructure within the EU, for example through the Trans-European Networks (TEN). [201], Switzerland was called to vote on whether to end the agreement with European Union on the free movement of people, in September 2020. Other resolutions: 314 × 240 pixels | 628 × 480 pixels | 785 × 600 pixels | 1,004 × 768 pixels | 1,280 × 979 pixels. Once goods have been admitted into the market they cannot be subjected to customs duties, discriminatory taxes or import quotas, as they travel internally. [154], The EU had an agreed budget of €120.7 billion for the year 2007 and €864.3 billion for the period 2007–2013,[156] representing 1.10% and 1.05% of the EU-27's GNI forecast for the respective periods. [126][127] The relationships of the European microstates, Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City include the use of the euro and other areas of co-operation.[128]. [175] Decisions from the General Court can be appealed to the Court of Justice but only on a point of law. The free movement of services and of establishment allows self-employed persons to move between member states to provide services on a temporary or permanent basis. Gruppe abonnieren. [153], In the ordinary legislative procedure, the European Commission proposes legislation, which requires the joint approval of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union to pass. [313], Media freedom is a fundamental right that applies to all member states of the European Union and its citizens, as defined in the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights as well as the European Convention on Human Rights. [148] It operates de facto as a cabinet government,[citation needed] with 27 Commissioners for different areas of policy, one from each member state, though Commissioners are bound to represent the interests of the EU as a whole rather than their home state. (It does not have a formal constitution: its status is defined by the Treaty of European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union). 1 Citations; 2.5k Downloads; Part of the Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft book series (VGPO) Log in to check access. Financing European development cooperation: the Financial Perspectives 2014–2020. Durch den Beitritt Litauens zum Euro-Währungsgebiet im Jahr 2015 änderten sich die Abstimmungsmo… DisplayLogo. [212] EU military operations are supported by a number of bodies, including the European Defence Agency, European Union Satellite Centre and the European Union Military Staff. Europäische Union 76. The Frankish Empire has had a symbolic relevance for the building of Europe since the 20th century: EU citizens able to hold a conversation in this language, See Articles 165 and 166 (ex Articles 149 and 150) of the, This figure includes the extra-European territories of member states which are part of the European Union, and excludes the European territories of member states which are not part of the Union. More Advanced search Browse by subject Expert Search. Im Europäischen Parlament und dem Rat der Europäischen Union werden Gesetze beschlossen, hier findet die Gesetzgebung statt (Legislative). In 1999 the currency union started, first as an accounting currency with eleven member states joining. [229], The European Union has concluded free trade agreements (FTAs)[230] and other agreements with a trade component with many countries worldwide and is negotiating with many others. In 2002, the currency was fully put into place, when euro notes and coins were issued and national currencies began to phase out in the eurozone, which by then consisted of 12 member states. In 2012, the EU was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. It shares with the Council of the EU equal legislative powers to amend, approve or reject Commission proposals for most areas of EU legislation. In an EU consisting of 27 members, substantial security and defence co-operation is increasingly relying on collaboration among all member states. Against the blue sky of the Western world, the stars symbolise the peoples of Europe in a form of a circle, the sign of union. It provides support for the development, promotion and distribution of European works within Europe and beyond. Projects under TEN include the Channel Tunnel, LGV Est, the Fréjus Rail Tunnel, the Öresund Bridge, the Brenner Base Tunnel and the Strait of Messina Bridge. [159] The Court also gives opinions and proposals on financial legislation and anti-fraud actions. The EU inherited many of its present responsibilities from, and the membership of the European Communities (EC), which were founded in the 1950s in the spirit of the Schuman Declaration. [252], In 2007, EU countries as a whole imported 82% of their oil, 57% of their natural gas[254] and 97.48% of their uranium[251] demands. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Evaluation of a country's fulfilment of the criteria is the responsibility of the European Council. 16–22). [238] In 2016, unemployment in the EU stood at 8.9%[239] while inflation was at 2.2%, and the current account balance at −0.9% of GDP. [24][25][26] In 2017, EU emitted 9.1% of the global greenhouse gas emissions.[27]. Its powers are limited in areas where member states' view sovereignty to be of primary concern (i.e. In 2007, Bulgaria and Romania became EU members. [59] These men and others are officially credited as the founding fathers of the European Union. The budget included a covid recovery fund of €750 billion. Due to its global influence, the European Union has been described by some scholars as an emerging superpower. [38] The gap between Greek East and Latin West had already been widened by the political scission of the Roman Empire in the 4th century and the Great Schism of 1054,[39][40][41] and would be eventually widened again by the Iron Curtain (1945–1991). Mitglieder der Eurozone ... 1=Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (EMU)}} |Source =Europäische Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion.svg |Author =User:Kolja21 |Date =2015-01-02 |Permission = |other_version... You cannot overwrite this file. The European Union has seven principal decision-making bodies, its institutions: the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council of the European Union, the European Commission, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Central Bank and the European Court of Auditors. Die Europäische Zentralbank (EZB) ist die Zentralbank der 19 Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union, die den Euro eingeführt haben. [285][286][287], All EU and many other European countries offer their citizens a free European Health Insurance Card which, on a reciprocal basis, provides insurance for emergency medical treatment insurance when visiting other participating European countries. Since 2019 there is a European Commissioner for Equality; a European Institute for Gender Equality has existed since 2007. These countries, primarily developing countries, include some who seek to one day become either a member state of the European Union, or more closely integrated with the European Union. [118] Many countries have experienced falling church attendance and membership in recent years. [145][146][147] The commission is 'guardian of the Treaties' and is responsible for their efficient operation and policing. The aim of this financial control system is to ensure the economic stability of the EU.[249]. The Council of the European Union (also called the Council[150] and the "Council of Ministers", its former title)[151] forms one half of the EU's legislature. [110][111] The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages ratified by most EU states provides general guidelines that states can follow to protect their linguistic heritage. To prevent the joining states from getting into financial trouble or crisis after entering the monetary union, they were obliged in the Maastricht treaty to fulfil important financial obligations and procedures, especially to show budgetary discipline and a high degree of sustainable economic convergence, as well as to avoid excessive government deficits and limit the government debt to a sustainable level. The European Union has close to 182 million hectares of forests covering 43% of its land area and these forest areas are one of Europe's most important renewable resources. Die derzeit rund 800 Mitarbeiter des EuRH bilden Prüfungsgruppen für spezifische Prüfvorhaben. The main legal acts of the EU come in three forms: regulations, directives, and decisions. Europäische Union Die Europäische Union ist ein Staatenverbund aus 28 europäischen Ländern. [202] The demand of Swiss People’s Party (SPP) was, however, turned down, as the voters rejected SPP’s demand for taking back immigration control. [301] This followed lobbying by governing organisations such as the International Olympic Committee and FIFA, due to objections over the application of free market principles to sport, which led to an increasing gap between rich and poor clubs. EU member states own the estimated second largest after the United States (US$105 trillion) net wealth in the world, equal to around 20% (~€60 trillion) of the US$360 trillion (~€300 trillion)[232] global wealth. The majority of the population lives in areas with a temperate maritime climate (North-Western Europe and Central Europe), a Mediterranean climate (Southern Europe), or a warm summer continental or hemiboreal climate (Northern Balkans and Central Europe). [277], Proposals to reach a zero carbon economy in the European Union by 2050 were suggested in 2018 - 2019. In higher education, the policy was developed in the 1980s in programmes supporting exchanges and mobility. Mehr zu den EU-Mitgliedsländern und anderen europäischen Ländern, Feedback zu dieser Website geben oder ein Problem melden, Organe, Einrichtungen und Agenturen – Kontakt- und Besucherinformationen, Grundlegende Informationen über die Europäische Union, Prioritäten der Europäischen Union für 2019–2024, Was die EU für ihre Bürgerinnen und Bürger tut, Allgemeine und berufliche Bildung, Jugend, Verordnungen, Richtlinien und sonstige Rechtsakte, Familie – Gesetzgebung in anderen EU-Ländern, Öffentliches Auftragswesen in der EU – Regeln und Leitlinien, Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) pro Kopf in Kaufkraftstandards, Europäische Union (2013): hochauflösende Karte, Gerichtshof der Europäischen Union (EuGH), Europäischer Wirtschafts- und Sozialausschuss (EWSA), Europäischer Ausschuss der Regionen (AdR), Europäischer Datenschutzbeauftragter (EDSB), Der Europäische Datenschutzausschuss (EDSA). They are therefore considered to be pure EU revenue rather than national contributions. [283] EU research and technological framework programmes deal in a number of areas, for example energy where the aim is to develop a diverse mix of renewable energy to help the environment and to reduce dependence on imported fuels. It aims to detect and stop illegal immigration, human trafficking and terrorist infiltration. Across the EU, belief was higher among women, older people, those with religious upbringing, those who left school at 15 or 16, and those "positioning themselves on the right of the political scale". Since then, the eurozone has increased to encompass 19 countries. [227][228] Internal trade between the member states is aided by the removal of barriers to trade such as tariffs and border controls. The Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, and Poland disagreed. [119] The countries where the fewest people reported a religious belief were Estonia (16%) and the Czech Republic (19%). On 26 February 2016 it was made public that Cyprus has asked to make Turkish an official EU language, in a "gesture" that could help solve the division of the country. [157], In the 2010 budget of €141.5 billion, the largest single expenditure item is "cohesion & competitiveness" with around 45% of the total budget. Three of them – English, French and German – have the higher status of. The Commission is composed of the College of Commissioners from 27 EU countries. [221] It is applied from the principles of Capability approach and Rights-based approach to development. [161][162] In their report on 2009 the auditors found that five areas of Union expenditure, agriculture and the cohesion fund, were materially affected by error. Am Anfang der Union gab es nur sechs Mitglieder! Die Mitglieder der Kommission sind gespannt, Ihre Meinung zu hören! During the interwar period, the consciousness that national markets in Europe were interdependent though confrontational, along with the observation of a larger and growing US market on the other side of the ocean, nourished the urge for the economic integration of the continent. Unterrichtsplan für Schüler, deren Zweitsprache Deutsch ist. ", Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Treaty establishing the European Defence Community, High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, a debt crisis in some of the Eurozone countries, increasing migration from Africa and Asia, referendum in the UK on its membership of the European Union, formal withdrawal procedure for leaving the EU, List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, list of urban areas in the European Union, European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, different compositions depending on the policy area being addressed, Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations, European Commission's Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection department, European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument, Directorate-General for International Cooperation and Development, UN Conference on Environment and Development, 500 largest corporations in the world measured by revenue, Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, the free circulation of goods, capital, people, and services within the EU, Directive on services in the internal market, Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union, European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority, European Securities and Markets Authority, European Commissioner for Industry and Entrepreneurship, Environmental Impact Assessment Directive, European Commissioner for the Environment, Institute for European Environmental Policy, Educational policies and initiatives of the European Union, Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development, research and technological framework programmes, Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety, Directorate-General for Health and Consumers, Special member state territories and the European Union, List of multilateral free-trade agreements, European Union–United Kingdom free trade agreement, Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen, Article 4 of the Statute of the Council of Europe, "European Commission – Frequently asked questions on languages in Europe", "Cyrillic, the third official alphabet of the EU, was created by a truly multilingual European", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020 (EU countries)", "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income - EU-SILC survey", "Inequalities in Human Development in the 21st Century", "The EU Single Market: Fewer barriers, more opportunities", "Activities of the European Union: Internal Market", "Less than a State, More than an International Organization: The Sui Generis Nature of the European Union", "Brexit day: end of an era as United Kingdom leaves EU – as it happened-GB", "European Union reaches 500 Million through Combination of Accessions, Migration and Natural Growth", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019 (global)", "Ein britischer Patriot für Europa: Winston Churchills Europa-Rede, Universität Zürich, 19. In 2006, the EU-27 had a gross inland energy consumption of 1,825 million tonnes of oil equivalent (toe). and Corcelle, G. (1989) The Environmental Policy of the European Communities, Graham & Trotman, London, Cases C-403/08 and C-429/08, Opinion of Advocate General Kokott, para 207, Riché, Preface xviii, Pierre Riché reflects: "[H]e enjoyed an exceptional destiny, and by the length of his reign, by his conquests, legislation and legendary stature, he also profoundly marked the history of Western Europe. [297] The European Capital of Culture programme selects one or more cities in every year to assist the cultural development of that city. Europa > Grundlegende Informationen über die Europäische Union > Länder > Alle EU-Länder im Überblick. [209], Most EU member states opposed the Nuclear Weapon Ban Treaty. [263], Since the beginning of the 1990s, the CAP has been subject to a series of reforms. Euratom was to integrate sectors in nuclear energy while the EEC would develop a customs union among members. With contrib. Die Europäische Union: Ein Modell für Nord Amerika? Possessing the EU's largest armed forces and the largest national defence budget of the bloc,[208] France is also the only EU country that has power projection capabilities outside of Europe. Housing, youth, childhood, Functional diversity or elderly care are supportive competencies of the European Union and can be financed by the European Social Fund. The High Representative heads up the European External Action Service (EEAS), a unique EU department[197] that has been officially implemented and operational since 1 December 2010 on the occasion of the first anniversary of the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon. Background. Notwithstanding its different configurations, it is considered to be one single body. [192] The EU also operates the Schengen Information System[16] which provides a common database for police and immigration authorities. Seit 1. Der Weg bis zur heutigen Union war lang und kompliziert und er hat immer noch nicht das Ende erreicht. Das sind zum Beispiel die Azoren, die zu Portugal gehören, oder die Kanarischen Inseln, die zu Spanien gehören. "[177], In 2009, the Lisbon Treaty gave legal effect to the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Im Juni 1988 bestätigte der Europäische Rat das Ziel einer stufenweisen Verwirklichung der Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion (WWU). The UK is in a transitional phase until 31 December 2020, during which it remains subject to EU law and part of the EU single market and customs union.